一个标准的十字路口有十二种车辆运动方式，这十二种运动可以分为四组：东西直行：东-西，西-东，东-北，西-南；南北直行：南-北，北-南，南-东，北-西；东南西北：东-南，西-北；北东南西：北-东，南-西。四组交通信号灯需要不同的信号控制，也就是四个不同的相位，不同的相位批次独立，互不干扰。

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